zkSharding

zkSharding is an approach to blockchain scaling developed by =nil; Foundation that combines sharding with zero-knowledge proofs. Rather than running a single rollup that processes transactions one after another, the design splits a layer 2 network into a main shard and several execution shards that process transactions in parallel. Each shard's work is proven with zero-knowledge proofs, and the results are combined and settled on the Ethereum blockchain. The aim is to raise capacity without splitting users and liquidity across many separate rollups, a common complaint about the current layer 2 landscape. Shards must also be able to exchange messages, which adds design complexity. It is a newer and less proven design than established ZK-rollups, and its details may change, so =nil; Foundation's own documents are the best reference.