Digital payment acceptance is a merchant's ability to take electronic payments instead of, or as well as, cash. It covers card payments through terminals and online checkouts, phone and digital wallets, QR code payments and instant account-to-account transfers such as Brazil's Pix or India's UPI. For governments and development bodies it is a measure of financial inclusion, because shoppers can only pay digitally where merchants accept it, and small merchants are often deterred by terminal costs, fees and slow settlement. QR-based and phone-based acceptance has expanded quickly in many emerging markets because it needs little or no hardware. For larger merchants, the focus is on offering the right mix of methods in each market and on authorisation rates and costs. Also see card acceptance infrastructure.