The SHA fee option is the charge instruction on an international wire transfer meaning that charges are shared: the sender pays its own bank's fees and the recipient pays the fees of the receiving bank. It is explained fully in the main entry on SHA (or Shared). The code appears in the details of charges field of a SWIFT MT103 payment and its ISO 20022 equivalent, and it is the most common choice for business and personal transfers.
SHA is one of three standard options. Under the OUR fee option the sender pays all charges, including those of intermediaries, so the recipient should receive the full amount. Under the BEN fee option the recipient bears all charges, which are deducted from the amount. With SHA, any intermediary bank fee is usually deducted from the payment as it passes through, which is why recipients are often paid slightly less than the amount sent.
Within the European Economic Area, payments where both banks are located in the area are generally required to use shared charging, so senders cannot choose BEN for these payments.