If someone wires me $150, could I be charged with wire fraud?

Too little information to go on. If the transfer is tainted, you could possibly be charged as a co-conspirator if there was enough evidence to support you knew these were tainted funds &/or the proceeds were through nefarious means.

However, if the funds were tainted and you knew nothing about them, then needless to say, you got nothing to worry about, except prove it to the LEAs that you don’t know anything about the money and its origin. Not always an easy explanation.