Can funds be deposited onto a debit card via an ATM?

Yes, but very few banks actually offer this service. A few examples that I know of are as follows:

• Use any ATM card to do a funds-transfer/interbank funds transfer to your Debit Card Account
• Cash Deposit on the ATM (will be reflected in the account in 1-2 days)
• Using Credit Card (Cash-Advance) and transferring that money into your Debit Card Account